Encyclopedia of sacred theology - pagina 227

;

Chap. IV]

§ 53.

THE FIVE FACULTIES

203

Law, to maintain them where they are normal, to modify them where they are abnormal, and, where they are still undeveloped, gradually to cause them to emerge. This is as valid for the Jural Relationships between the magistracy and their subjects as for the Jural Relationships of these subjects mutually, and of the nations at large. The sociological and economical studies in this faculty are not ships as

charged with tracing abstractly the organic relation among people at every point, nor yet with viewing from every side the relation between our human social life and property

but

their exclusive task to obtain such an insight into twofold and very important relation as shall interpret the Jural Relationships it implies, and shall discover to the it is

this

magistracy what in this domain it must and must not do. In fact, the study of the Juridical faculty will always be governed by the principles professed with reference to authority. If authority is considered to have its rise from the State, and the State

form

of life in

cannot

fail to

looked on as the highest natural the organism of humanity, the tendency is

spring up to deepen the significance of the

State continuously, and even to extend the lines of authori-

which Plato pushed so far that even pedagogy and morals were almost entirely included in the sphere of the State. Indeed, more than one sociologist in the Juridical faculty is bent upon having his light shine more and more across the entire psychical life of man, in the religious, ethical, resthetical, and hygienic sense. If sooner or later the chairs of this faculty are arranged and filled by a social-democratic government, this tendency will undoubtedly be developed. If, on the other hand, it tative interference,

is

conceded

that

authority

originally but in God,

and

over is

man

can

rest

only imposed by

nowhere

Him upon

men with regard

to a particular sphere, this impulse to continuous extension is curbed at once, and everything that does not belong to this particular sphere falls outside of the

Juridical faculty. here,

God

himself

In the moral is

life,

which

the immediate judge,

is

not included

who pronounces

sentence in the conscience and various temporal judgments

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