Encyclopedia of sacred theology - pagina 317

Chap.

tlie

THEOLOGY AS SCIENCE

I]

psj'chical

and in

tlie

and medical sciences was

still

2l»3

entirely wanting,

philological and juridical sciences

Impelled by

yet begun.

its

own

had scarcely

it

exceptional position, as

well as by the alarming attitude the other sciences assumed against it, Theology was the first to give itself an account of its place

and

of its calling.

For the greater part

of the

however, this attempt bore an apologetic character and only when, by and after Kant, the question about the essence and the method of our knowledge, and conselast century, ;

quently of the nature of science in general, pressed forcefully to the front, in our

human

itself

consciousness, was there

gradually adopted the organic interpretation of Theology as a whole and as one of the sciences in the great unit of the

which is now dominant in the Theological faculty, and is being more widely recognized by the other faculties. Formerly a science of Theology in that sense was 7iot neces-

sciences,

sary^ because the

human

consciousness in general did not

such an interpretation; neither was it possible, because the data for such a construction of Theology, and of all the other sciences, cannot be borrowed from the knoivledge of God, but from Logic in the higher sense. Hence the conception, which was formed of Theology in Theology, the academic sense, has certainly been modified. understood to be our taken in the subjective sense, was human insight into the revealed knowledge of God, and this insight was graded as the subject chanced to be a layman, a scholar, or more especially a theologian but even in this highest sense Theology was limited to Dogmatics, genThis learned insight into the erally with Ethics included. revealed knowledge of God was for the most part explained after the scheme of Aristotle or Peter Ramus, and defended This study alone was called Theolagainst all objections. theologians would study Church some ogy, besides which History and other similar branches; but the relation of all At present, these to real Theology was merely mechanical. however, the name of Theology covers the entire realm of

feel the

need

of

;

these studies; there

is

Theology has been found

no rest until a starting-point for in the unit of science

;

and, in this

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