Encyclopedia of sacred theology - pagina 217

Chap. IV]

THE FIVE FACULTIES

§ 53.

193

been separated from it in Germany as timely as in Holland. Now, however, this unnatural conjunction has in many waj's confused insight into the character of Philological

Even when the studies of Philology and Natural Philosophy are separated, every difficulty is by no means yet

study.

surmounted, for then the antithesis is at once encountered between the studies of Philosophy and Philology in the narrower sense. It has more than once been proposed to allow Philosophy a faculty of its own and to give it the house in which Theology lies dying. The Philological faculty would then become exclusively the faculty of letters, and in an eminent sense engage itself with all those studies which the littera scripta gives rise to or renders possible. And from this point of view a third antithesis appears viz. the antithesis between Historical studies and those of Philology proper. If :

indeed the criterium for the object of Philology

lies in

the

both can and must investigate the historical documents and the historical expositions, as literary littera scripta,

then

it

products, but the real content of History

lies

outside of

its

In this wise the faculty is more and more reduced, and at length its only remaining object is that which is written, which condemns it as an independent faculty. However highly one may estimate its value, letters can never form horizon.

group

organism of the object and to even contingent. The object existed long centuries before literary life manifested itself. Hence the name Literary faculty can in no case be taken as a starta principal

a certain extent

ing-point.

We

it

in the

;

is

owe

this

name

instance also did not forsake

to

Humanism, which

its superficial

character.

in this

" Philo-

every way a richer and a more deeply name, because the Logos does not refer to the letter, but to that which the letter serves as body. For a long time the restricted meaning of word or of language Avas attached to the logos in " Philology," and consequently Philology was interpreted as standing outside of Philosophy and History. This, however, only showed how dimly it was understood that every faculty must have a principal group logical'' is therefore in

significant

iji

the object of science as the object of

its

investigation.

If

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