1955 Geloof en Wetenschap : Orgaan van de Christelijke vereeniging van natuur- en geneeskundigen in Nederland - pagina 165

EEN ARCHAEOLOGISCH-PALYNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK

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beken in en onder het ijs. De afzetting bleef als een heuvel achter, toen het ijs verdwenen was. Het zouden dus ijstijdformaties zijn. Dit blijkt echter niet het geval te zijn. Want in de zool van verschillende van deze ruggen in Twente, Gelderland en NoordHolland is de Laag van Usselo teruggevonden. M.a.w. de ouderdom van deze ruggen kan hoogstens Allerod-tijd zijn. Hoe zij dan wel zijn ontstaan, ligt nog in het duister.

SUMMARY In a hill-ridge directed North-South and situated in the Usselerveen in the municipality of Enschede, at some depth under the present soil surface a layer was found of 10—15 cm in thickness, white and interspersed with charcoal which was of Pinus origin. In this layer several ateliers were found in which numerous flint objects were discovered, such as raw material, partly and completely finished artefacts, consisting of „Zinken", ,,pointes a cran", Kremser-points, Gravette-points, scrapers retouched all round the rim (handle scrapers), double and single scrapers, lateral and median gravers etc., which could be dated late palaeolithic. At one of these ateliers two holes of poles converging towards the workshop were found, from which the conclusion may be drawn that these people lived in tents. In view of the position of the objects in these ateliers the opening of these tents must have been situated in westerly direction. On the eastern slope this flint containing layer was sandwiched between organogene deposits. The pollen content has shown that this layer, as well as its flints, belong to the latter half of the Aller0d- and the beginning of the Late Dryas-period. This dating evidence could be confirmed by the discovery of an old brookbed which clung, as it were, to the artefact containing layer. Further investigations have proved that this charcoal containing layer occurs in the whole coversand region of the Netherlands, as well as in Germany and Belgium. We have here an old soil surface with its reliefs and relicts. As this layer for the first time was noticed near Usselo it was given the name of the Usselo layer. In addition the fact could be established that the Bolhng-oscillation separated the younger and the older coversand.

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